1755-1821: Jean-Nicolas Corvisart.  Emphasized the study of symptoms, perfected diagnostic techniques and developed the study of postmortem evidence.

1771-1802: Marie François Xavier Bichat. Anatomist and pathologist, known as the father of modern histology.  Although he worked without a microscope, Bichat distinguished 21 types of elementary tissues from which the organs of the human body are composed.

1772-1838: François-Joseph-Victor Broussais.  Believed in the importance of physiology: diseases occurred when normal functions failed or were modified.  Strongly influenced the development of medical thought.

1777-1835: Guillaume Dupuytren.anatomist and military surgeon.  Perfected and improved most surgical procedures in the 19th century and developed several new ones, including for the treatment of hernias.

1781-1826: René Laennec.  Invented the stethoscope in 1816 and pioneered its use in diagnosing various chest conditions.

1790-1866: Léon Rostan.  Provided the first accurate description of spontaneous cerebral softening. He documented that the disorder was a specific anatomo-clinic entity that was different from encephalitis and apoplexy.

1793- 1867: Pierre François Olive Rayer. Made important contributions in the fields of pathological anatomy, physiology, comparative pathology and parasitology.

1796-1881: Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud. Early advocate of the localization of cerebral functions (especially of speech).  Also advanced the field of cardiology and provided a correlation between rheumatism and heart disease.

1797-1876: Gabriel Andral.  Distinguished French pathologist.  Pioneered investigations of blood chemistry. He is considered to be the founder of scientific hematology.

1790-1866: Léon Rostan.  Provided the first accurate description of spontaneous cerebral softening. He documented that the disorder was a specific anatomo-clinic entity that was different from encephalitis and apoplexy.

1793- 1867: Pierre François Olive Rayer. Made important contributions in the fields of pathological anatomy, physiology, comparative pathology and parasitology.

1796-1881: Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud. Early advocate of the localization of cerebral functions (especially of speech).  Also advanced the field of cardiology and provided a correlation between rheumatism and heart disease.

1797-1876: Gabriel Andral.  Distinguished French pathologist.  Pioneered investigations of blood chemistry. He is considered to be the founder of scientific hematology.

1822-1895: Louis Pasteur.  Biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization (named after him). He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of diseases.  He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His discoveries have saved millions lives in the last 125 years.

1825-1893: Jean-Martin Charcot.  Neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. Greatly advanced neurology and the study of hypnosis and hysteria.

1853-1933: Pierre Paul Émile Roux.  Physician, bacteriologist and immunologist. Co-founder of the Pasteur Institute, and responsible for the Institute’s production of the anti-diphtheria serum, the first effective therapy for this disease.